Foundations that support systems and computational neuroscience

This list is not exhaustive but it is a good start for young scientists seeking funding for risky projects that are unlikely to receive support from NIH and NSF. Check them for grant opportunities.

Simons Foundation
Whitehall Foundation

Brain and Behavior Research Foundation

McKnight Foundation

Klingenstein Foundation

Packard Foundation

Ziegler Foundation for the Blind 

Human Frontier Science Program

McDonnel Foundation

Brain Research Foundation

Vilcek Foundation

MQ: Transforming Mental Health

Keck Foundation

Pew Charitable Trust

Searle Scholars Program

Sloan Foundation

The New York Academy of Sciences (Blavatnik Award)

Beckman Foundation

Kirchgessner Foundation

Rita Allen Foundation

Kavli Foundation

Swartz Foundation

For an extensive list of funding sources for post-doctoral fellowships see this list.