UI  - 91038247
AU  - Heffner HE
AU  - Heffner RS
TI  - Effect of bilateral auditory cortex lesions on sound localization in
      Japanese macaques.
LA  - Eng
MH  - Animal
MH  - Auditory Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Avoidance Learning
MH  - Behavior, Animal
MH  - Choice Behavior
MH  - Conditioning (Psychology)
MH  - Discrimination (Psychology)
MH  - Macaca fascicularis
MH  - Male
MH  - Sound Localization/*physiology
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
ID  - NS-12992/NS/NINDS
ID  - HD-02528/HD/NICHD
DA  - 19901206
DP  - 1990 Sep
IS  - 0022-3077
TA  - J Neurophysiol
PG  - 915-31
SB  - M
CY  - UNITED STATES
IP  - 3
VI  - 64
JC  - JC7
AA  - Author
EM  - 199102
AB  - 1. The ability of four Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to localize
      sound was determined after bilateral ablation of auditory cortex. The
      animals were given two tests: a "midline" test in which they had to
      discriminate noise bursts presented from a loudspeaker located to the
      left from identical noise bursts presented from a loudspeaker located
      to the right of midline, and a "hemifield" test in which both
      loudspeakers were located in their right hemifield. 2. Both of the
      tests were administered by the use of two different behavioral tasks: a
      conditioned-avoidance task in which the animals were trained to make or
      break contact with a water spout to indicate the location of a sound
      source, and a two-choice task that required the animals to walk to the
      source of the sound. 3. The results of both the conditioned-avoidance
      and the two-choice tasks demonstrated that the animals were able to
      perform the midline discrimination although their localization acuity
      was reduced. However, the animals had great difficulty in learning to
      walk to the source of a sound in spite of the fact that they had
      received previous sound-localization training in the conditioned-
      avoidance task. This difficulty suggested that the monkeys no longer
      associated the sound with a location in space. 4. The results of both
      the conditioned-avoidance and the two-choice tasks demonstrated that
      the animals were unable to discriminate the locus of a sound source
      when both loudspeakers were located in the same hemifield. 5. Bilateral
      ablation of auditory cortex results in both sensory and perceptual
      deficits. The presence of sensory deficits is indicated by the
      decreased acuity in the left-right discrimination and the inability to
      discriminate between two loudspeakers located in the same hemifield.
      The deficit in the perception of the locus of sound is indicated by the
      difficulty in learning to approach the source of a sound, an ability
      which normal monkeys exhibit without training. 6. There appear to be
      species' differences in the effect of auditory cortex lesions on sound
      localization. Although cortical lesions result in a sound-localization
      deficit in several species of primates and carnivores, they have little
      or no effect on rats.
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Ohio 43606.
PMID- 0002230934
SO  - J Neurophysiol 1990 Sep;64(3):915-31

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