Speech recognition with primarily temporal cues
Robert V. Shannon, Fan-Gang Zeng, Vivek Kamath, John Wygonski, and Michael Ekelid
Nearly perfect speech recognition was observed under conditions of greatly reduced spectral information.
Temporal envelopes of speech were extracted from broad frequency bands and were used to modulate noises of the
same bandwidths. This manipulation preserved temporal envelope cues in each band but restricted the listener
to severely degraded information on the distribution of spectral energy. The identification of consonants,
vowels, and words in simple sentences improved markedly as the number of bands increased; high speech
recognition performance was obtained with only three bands of modulated noise. Thus, the presentation of a
dynamic temporal pattern in only a few broad spectral regions is sufficient for the recognition of speech.